![]() Again, a charged object is used, but this time it is only brought close to the conductor, and does not touch it. Charging by induction - also useful for charging metals and other conductors.If a charged object touches a conductor, some charge will be transferred between the object and the conductor, charging the conductor with the same sign as the charge on the object. Charging by conduction - useful for charging metals and other conductors.For example, rubbing glass with silk or saran wrap generally leaves the glass with a positive charge rubbing PVC rod with fur generally gives the rod a negative charge. If you rub one material with another (say, a plastic ruler with a piece of paper towel), electrons have a tendency to be transferred from one material to the other. Charging by friction - this is useful for charging insulators.There are three ways that objects can be given a net charge. By adding certain impurities to semi-conductors in the appropriate concentrations the conductivity can be well-controlled. Semi-conductors are a very useful intermediate class, not as conductive as metals but considerably more conductive than insulators. In insulators, on the other hand, the electrons are much more tightly bound to the atoms, and are not free to flow. The difference between them is that in conductors, the outermost electrons in the atoms are so loosely bound to their atoms that they¹re free to travel around. Most materials are either conductors or insulators. ![]()
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